HIV-discordant couples — in which only one partner is HIV-infected — have several options for attempting to conceive while minimizing the uninfected partner's risk, the CDC reports in MMWR.
When the woman is HIV-positive, the couple can use autologous sperm intrauterine insemination (IUI) to conceive without putting the man at risk. When the man is HIV-positive, the couple may choose to:
- Use sperm from an HIV-negative donor; this is the safest option.
- Use highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to suppress HIV in the man and have condomless intercourse only near ovulation while the woman is using daily preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
- Have the man's sperm collected and "washed" to remove HIV-infected cells. After washing, the sperm are tested to confirm the absence of HIV and then used during IUI or in vitro fertilization. This procedure — which should be used in conjunction with HAART and PrEP — has been performed roughly 11,500 times, with no HIV transmissions to the woman or offspring.
By Amy Orciari Herman
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