A hate crime or bias-motivated crime occurs when the
perpetrator of the crime intentionally selects the victim
because of who the victim is. While an act of violence
against any individual is always a tragic event, violent
crimes based on prejudice have a much stronger impact
because the motive behind the crime is to terrorize an
entire group or community.
Some victims do not report sexual
orientation-motivated hate crimes because they do
not want to be identified (“outed”) in police reports as
lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgender. Moreover,
sexual orientation- and gender identity-based hate crimes
may not be perceived as bias-motivated by responding
officers because of their inexperience, lack of education
or their own biases. Many police departments do not
have protocols in place for the accurate reporting of
bias crimes. In addition to this, many hate crime victims
occupy more than one out-group position in terms of
sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, sex, race, ethnicity, religion, national origin and/or disability.
Religious fundamentalism
is the strongest predictor of
negative implicit evaluations
of homosexual relative to
heterosexual individuals.
Wade C. Rowatt, Jo-Ann Tsang, Jessica Kelly, Brooke LaMartina,
Michelle McCullers and April McKinley, Journal for the Scientific Study
of Religion, 2006
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